When should trees and shrubs be pruned?
A good prune stimulates healthy root growth and gives your landscape a fresh, manicured appearance. Spring is a great time of year to prune, when the weather is warming but trees and shrubs have not leafed out yet. Pruning in the spring helps to prevent excessive sapping at the prune cut and gives the plant the entire growing season to heal.

As spring becomes summer and leaves are fully sprouted, dead and dying branches can be more easily identified and removed. This is also the time when trees and shrubs tend to sprout suckers that also need to be removed. Summer is also a great time to reduce the size of trees and shrubs that are becoming too large.

In the fall, diseased, broken or dead branches need to be removed because weakened branches are often unable to hold up under harsh winter conditions and the weight of snow and ice. Late fall is also the best time for corrective pruning - removing the branches that aren't growing correctly. When the leaves are gone, it's easier to spot branches that are interfering with other branches.  

What is the biggest pruning error? Not pruning! 
Without pruning, your trees and shrubs will grow out of control and make it difficult or impossible to get them back to an attractive and manageable size and shape. 
The Cutting Edge
Lawn Company
What is rejuvenation pruning?
When a substantial amount of a shrub is pruned away, leaving only stubs of branches 6-10" above the ground. 

This technique restores shrubs that have outgrown their surroundings or have a large amount of bare, woody branches to a youthful and natural growth habit. But, be careful. Not all shrub varieties will recover from a rejuvenation prune.
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